The causes of metatarsalgia are typically categorised into two main groups, primary and secondary metatarsalgia.
Primary metatarsalgia
This is when an issue with the metatarsals in your foot is directly causing you discomfort. Some common examples of primary metatarsalgia are:
Calluses: If hard skin forms on your feet, it can result in pain and affect the way you walk. If this adds pressure to the balls of your feet, metatarsalgia may develop.
Bunions: A bunion is a lump of bone that forms at the bottom of your big toe, often as a result of long-term pressure moving it towards the rest of your toes. As your toes move out of alignment, the pressure can cause pain across the balls of your feet.
Foot shape: High foot arches can result in added pressure on the balls of your feet, while having a second toe longer than your big toe also may create an imbalance across your metatarsals.
Hammertoes: A deformity where the toes become rigidly bent. This may cause your metatarsals to move closer to the bottom of your foot, resulting in pain and discomfort.
Secondary metatarsalgia
Secondary metatarsalgia refers to pain and discomfort caused by an underlying condition or trauma, such as:
Injury: Inflammation of the metatarsals can occur as a result of prolonged, strenuous activity, such as running or jumping.
Diseases: Diabetes can result in nerve damage in the feet and cause conditions such as metatarsalgia.
Conditions:
- Obesity can be an underlying cause of foot conditions, as increased body mass puts extra strain on the feet.
- Rheumatoid arthritis can cause swelling and pain in your feet.
- Morton's neuroma is an inflammatory condition of the nerves between the toes that can cause metatarsalgia.