Tracheo-oesophageal fistula (TOF)

Need to know

• Symptoms of tracheo-oesophageal fistula icon plus

  Tracheo-oesophageal fistulas are often identified before birth. Ultrasound scans can detect excess amniotic fluid in the womb (the clear, yellowish fluid that surrounds your unborn baby). This is a symptom of the condition. After your baby is born, they may show some of the following symptoms:

  • breathing and/or swallowing problems
  • vomiting
  • coughing or choking whilst feeding
  • blue discolouration of the skin
  • round and full abdomen

• Diagnosing tracheo-oesophageal fistula  icon plus

  Your consultant will closely monitor your baby's development during pregnancy. Ultrasound scans can help to diagnose tracheo-oesophageal fistulas. After your baby is born, we can offer other tests for diagnosis. For example:

  • Your midwife may try to pass a tube through your baby's nose, to see if it reaches their stomach. If this is not possible they might have TOF.
  • Taking an X-ray to check your baby's stomach in more detail.

• Potential treatment options icon plus

  If your baby is diagnosed with tracheo-oesophageal fistulas, they will require surgery to repair the defect. The procedure is normally carried out soon after birth, under general anaesthetic. Repair is achieved by your baby's surgeon closing off the fistula, and then sewing the lower and upper parts of their oesophagus. Rest assured, your baby's consultant will discuss this procedure with you in detail beforehand, helping to put your mind at ease.